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Tuesday, November 3, 2009

.::1 November 2009:::.

Assalamualaikum dan slm persahabatan sume....

ari ni 3 november 2009..but fira tak nak citer ttg perkara yang berlaku ari ni atau perkara yang berlaku semalam...aku nak cerita ttg perkara yang berlaku pada hari ahad yang lalu iaitu 1 november 2009..

dalam student2 IPT sume sibuk2 ngan exam n maybe de yang masih bz ngan assgnmt, pagi ahad ari tu aku kejutkan dengan posting seorang sahabat zaman skolah dulu iaitu ustaz pojie difacebook..

Pojie Sulehan => Alfatihah wt naj.. Smoga roh ditmptkn diklngn mukminin. Amin

terkejut giler..rase cam tak caye...hurmm..memang tau naj sakit but tah laa...sedih sgt2...walau tak rapat ngan dier tapi tetap terasa kehilangan seorang sahabat..akutempat tuisyen ngan naj dari f4. mase f6 lak 1 skolah..dier kelas sebelah kelas aku dalam mase yang same dier gak seorang pengawas sekolah.






hurmm..pada aku naj ni seorang kawan yang sangat baik dan dier gak seorang yang sangat tabah..walau dier sakit but aku tak pernah nampak dier mengeluh...


aku kt labuan lagi..x dapat nak pi melawat...19hb baru blek johor..hurmm...ya Allah...berilah ketenangan pada hati ini...sok nak exam dah..klu bleh mmg nak blek...tp x dapat balik..hanya doa je yang mampu ku kirimkan dari jauh...


bukak2 facebook naj...terbace post last naj...


Nashmood Ding Taj => bila jntung n paru2 dh mula slow...adeh2...!! xleh tdo...


Ya Allah...baru pasan pasal post ni...post ni dier tulis ari jumaat dan pd ahad dier pergi wat selama2nya..Allah lebih menyayangi dirinya...buat keluarga naj takziah dari feera..hurmm...Semoga Allah menempatkan roh Mohd. Najmuddin bin Tajuddin dikalangan insan2 yang soleh...Al-fatihah...

(sumber gambar : blog beliau)





Wednesday, October 21, 2009

cube try test meh...

jom cuba try bende ni...tgk bape banyak perkataan leh taip dlm seminit...

Saturday, October 17, 2009

sem ini sem yang mencabar....

.:::with cik fiza:::.

lame dah tak update blog...agak bz cket..dlm tak sedar, skang dah ujung sem...sem ni adalah sem yang amat mencabar sebenarnyer...mane tak mencabar, UMSKAL takde air..berbulan-bulan dok ngangkat air. dalam pada itu, pada awal sem ari tu, sampai tengah sem, aircond di tingkat-tingkat atas bangunan menara gak xde...bayangkan laa...kelas dah la penuh. aircond lak takde...macam pi sauna kami dalam kelas tu...

cabaran sem ni gak biler kupon bas utk ke bandar xde dah..ums mmg de sediakan bas tapi bas tu terhad dan hanya disediakan pada hari isnin hingga jumaat. klu bas penuh kami x leh gak nek bas tu..ye laa...student umskal bukan takat seratus orang.bas untuk kebandar hanya sebuah. kalu nak pi bandar ari sabtu ahad or during public holiday lak, kami kene la nek bas luar...dah r tambang nek dah...mane xnye...pegi blek tambang 7 inggit. rase mcm tambang bas nak pi jb lak kan dari pontian (ehh..ye je..den mano penah nek bas pi JB..hentam je nilai tambang tu...)...

cabaran len lak biler Pjbt Kolej Kediaman amat la kerap membuat spotcek.. perhhh...mane kami x cuak...barang letrik mane de lesen kan...uwaaaaa...abes la den ni haaa.....hurmmm....

selain tu...perkara-perkara yang sedih yang terjadi sem ni biler mase blek raye ari tu, dpt tau fiffy xde dah...hurmmmmmmmm....sedih sgt2...rase kehilangan yang amat..mane xnyer...8 thn dah bela fiffy tu...8 thn bukan 1 tempoh yang sekejap kan...hurmmm...xpe laaa...redhakan jela pemergiannya...sesungguhnya Pemiliknya menginginkannya kembali...den cume pinjam je....

rase ni je kowt yang dapat dikongsikan wat kali ni...len kali jumpe lagiii.....

Wednesday, August 19, 2009

dia pergi dan takkan kembali

(sumber gambar : www.qayyumnasyid.blogspot.com)

Assalamualaikum wbt....

hurmm...lame dah kan feera tak mengupdate blog ni...agak busy cket kebelakangan ni...ni baru sempat nak update...hurmm....act. ari ni feera nak citer tentang pemergian arwah ustaz asri rabbani..

hurmm...agak terlewat nak citer pun..but sebelum-sebelum ni tak sempat nak update blog ni kan..hurmmm..pada 13 ogos yang lalu ustaz asri telah pergi buat selama-lamanya..mula-mula agak terkejut..dapat tau biler bace sms dari dj wan (nasyidfm).time tu baru abes kelas asas multimedia...then blek umah, onkan ym dapat ym dari abg hazar wildan yang menyampaikan berita tersebut...terkejut sgt2....pas tu abg yus dmenc lak call..bagi tau ttg pemergian ustaz asri...sedih sgt2...dier antara my fav munsyeed...

hurmmm....baru ari tu diriku menginterview ustaz dlm segmen sembang nasyid di nasyidfm..brite ni mmg mengejutkan diriku laa.... ingt lagi time tu ustaz de ckp moga2 dapat bertemu lagi dinasyidfm..hurmmm....



ustaz asri yang feera kenal (walaupun tak bape nak kenal la kan), act. dier baik sgt. mase time nak bincang pasal interview tu pun dier ok je...walaupun dier 1 nama yang gah dlm industri nasyid tanahair but dier x sombong.he is nice man. rase sape2 yang pernah bercakap ngan beliau akan menyangi beliau...

dier tak macam sesetengah penasyid. walau dier mempunyai nama yang besar but dier baik sgt...tak kesah pun melayan peminat..walau kami hanyalah peminat sahaja...

semoga Allah menempatkan beliau dikalangan insan yang beriman dan beramal soleh..dan semoga beliau tenang disana...sama-sama kita sedekahkan al-Fatihah kepada beliau...


akhir skali feera sertakan lirik lagu dendangan rabbani..yang juga merupakan kegemaran feera iaitu lagu pergi tak kembali...

Setiap insan pastikan merasa
Saat perpisahan terakhir
Dunia yang fana akan ditinggalkan
Hanya amalan yang akan dibawa

Terdengar sayup surah dibaca
Sayu alunan suara
Cemas di dada lemah tak bermaya
Terbuka hijap di depan mata

Selamat tinggal pada semua
Berpisah kita selamanya
Kita tak sama nasib di sana
Baiklah atau sebaliknya

Amalan dan taqwa jadi bekalan
Sejahtera, bahagia pulang...kesana

Sekujur badan berselimut putih
Rebah bersemadi sendiri
Mengharap kasih anak dan isteri
Apa mungkin pahala dikirim

Terbaring sempit seluas pusara
Soal bicara terus bermula
Sesal dan insaf tak berguna lagi
Hancurlah jasad dimamah bumi

Berpisah sudah segalanya
Yang tinggal hanyalah kanangan
Diiringi doa dan air mata
Yang pergi takkan kembali lagi

Sunday, July 19, 2009

my internet technology note



Assalamualaikum...

hurmmm...lame dah diriku ini tak menjenguk blog ni kan..mane taknye...kelas dah start..assignment pun dah berlambak ni haaa...e-comm, multimedia, financial risk management, ...dah la tu kene gak dok ngangkat ayaq lak...ye la...kelas slalu pagikan..so kene standby air utk mandi pi...klu kelas ptg leh gak la amik air pg2 tu...hurmmm....next week byk kelas xde coz lec xde..klu umah dekat diriku dah balik umah dah...pakkal je la jauh kan...

sem ni mmg menguji betul2 la..mane taknye...dah la air xde..then letrik pun slalu xde...hurmmm..walau mcm mane pun perjuangan tetap perlu diteruskan...ok lahh...tak nak citer ttg perkara yang tak best la...

kt sini fira nak kongsikan my minor note...pe lagi klu x my fav subject...internet technology...ok laa...same2 bace k..



INTERNET: The term that used to describe a worldwide group of connected networks that allows public access to information and services.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

1. Internet began in 1969 as a network of four computers located at university of California at Santa Barbara, the university of Utah and Stanford Research Institute.

2. Initial work was funded by an agency of the U.S. Department of Defense [Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA)]

3. The first networks call ARPANET.

4. The goal :

a. To develop the hardware and software needed to create a geographically dispersed network that could function even if part of network was disabled or destroyed

b. To create a way for scientists at different locations to share information and collaborate on military and scientific project.

5. Within two years of its creation, more than 20 sites were connected to internet, within 20 years, more than 200 sites.

6. The computer sites link to the original network, whole network also were added.

a. Example of network : NSFnet (operated by the national science foundation (NSF).

b. Used as major U.S. internet major from 1987 to 1995


INTERNET ADDRESSES

Each location on the Internet has a four-part numeric address that call IP (internet protocol).

For the example is:

IP address: number of unique identifies each computer or device that connects to the internet.

The text version of IP address is call domain name.

Domain name example is :

Organization type also known as top-level domain (TLD).

http : transfer protocol



Monday, July 13, 2009

ISLAMIC BANKING???

dalam aku dok surf2 tenet tadi, aku terjumpe lak sikit note about Islamic finance kat blog abg nuek (one of my senior). so aku nak la kongsikan ngan korang ye....maybe berguna utk korang...thanks to mr nuek yang post bende ni...





PRINCIPLES OF ISLAMIC BANKING

  1. An Islamic bank is based on the Islamic faith and must stay within the limits of Islamic Law or the sharia in all of its actions and deeds. The original meaning of the Arabic word sharia was 'the way to the source of life' and it is now used to refer to legal system in keeping with the code of behavior called for by the Holly Qur'an (Koran). Four rules govern investment behavior:
  2. the absence of interest-based (riba) transactions;
  3. the avoidance of economic activities involving speculation (Gharar);
  4. the introduction of an Islamic tax, zakat; the discouragement of the production of goods and services which contradict the value pattern of Islamic (haram)

Riba

Perhaps the most far reaching of these is the prohibition of interest (riba). The payment of riba and the taking as occurs in a conventional banking system is explicitly prohibited by the Holy Qur'an, and thus investors must be compensated by other means. Technically, riba refers to the addition in the amount of the principal of a loan according to the time for which it is loaned and the amount of the loan. While earlier there was a debate as to whether riba relates to interest or usury, there now appears to be consensus of opinion among Islamic scholars that the term extends to all forms of interest.


In banning riba, Islamic seeks to establish a society based upon fairness and justice (Qur'an 2.239). A loan provides the lender with a fixed return irrespective of the outcome of the borrower's venture. It is much fairer to have a sharing of the profits and losses. Fairness in this context has two dimensions: the supplier of capital possesses a right to reward, but this reward should be commensurate with the risk and effort involved and thus be governed by the return on the individual project for which funds are supplied.


Hence, what is forbidden in Islamic is a predetermined return. The sharing of profit is legitimate and that practice has provided the foundation for Islamic banking.


Gharar

Another feature condemned by Islamic is economic transactions involving elements of speculation, Gharar. Buying goods or shares at low and selling them for higher price in the future is considered to be illicit. Similarly an immediate sale in order to a void a loss in the future is condemned. The reason is that speculators generate their private gains at the expense of society at large.


Zakat

A mechanism for the redistribution of income and wealth is inherent is Islam, so that every Muslim is guaranteed a fair standard of living, nisab. An Islamic tax, Zakat (a term derived from the Arabic zaka, meaning "pure") is the most important instrument for the redistribution of wealth. This tax is a compulsory levy, one of the five basic tenets of Islam and the generally accepted amount of the zakat is one fortieth (2.5 per cent) of Muslim's annual income in cash or kind from all forms of assessed wealth exceeding nisab.


Every Islamic bank has to establish a zakat fund for collecting the tax and distributing it exclusively to the poor directly or through other religious institutions. This tax is imposed on the initial capital of the bank, on the reserves, and on the profits as described in the Handbook of Islamic Banking.


Haram

A strict code of 'ethical investment' operates. Hence it is forbidden for Islamic banks to finance activities or items forbidden in Islam, haram, such as trade of alcoholic beverage and pork meat.

Furthermore, as the fulfillment or materials needs assures a religious freedom for Muslims, Islamic banks are required to give priority to the production of essential goods which satisfy the needs of the majority of the Muslim community, while the production and marketing of luxury activities, israf wa traf is considered as unacceptable from a religious viewpoint.

In order to ensure that the practices and activities of Islamic banks do not contradict the Islamic ethical standards, Islamic banks are expected to establish a Sharia Supervisory Board, consisting of Muslim jurisprudence, who act as advisers to the banks.


PROFIT-SHARING ARRANGEMENTS

Although the restriction against the use of interest might seem to be a binding constraint upon expansion, Islamic banks and financial institutions have in fact grown rapidly. Table 1 sets out the number of banks, paid up capital, total deposits and total assets of these Islamic banks, classified by region. It shows that the total assets of these reporting banks amounted to US $155 billion in 1994, with employment in excess of 220,000 (data supplied by the International Association of Islamic Banks).


If the paying and receiving of interest is prohibited, how do Islamic banks operator It is necessary to distinguish between the expressions 'rate of interest' and 'rate of return'. Whereas Islam clearly forbids the former, it not only permits, but rather encourages, trade. In the interest-free system sought by adherents to Muslim principles, people are able to earn a return on their money only by subjecting themselves to the risk involved in profit sharing. As the use of interest rates in financial transactions is prevented, Islamic banks are expected to undertake operations only on the basis of Profit and Loss Sharing (PLS) arrangements or other acceptable modes of financing. Mudaraba and musharaka are the two profit-sharing arrangements preferred under Islamic law.


Mudaraba

A mudaraba can be defined as contract between at least two parties whereby one party, the financier (sahib al-mal), entrusts funds to another party, the entrepreneur (mudarib), to undertake an activity or venture. This type of contract is in contrast with musharaka. In arrangements based on musharaks there is also profit-sharing, but all parties have the right to participate in managerial decisions. In mudaraba, the financier is not allowed a role in management of the enterprise. Consequently, mudaraba represents a PLS contract where the return to lenders is a specified share in the profit/loss outcome of the project in which they have a stake, but no voice.

In interest lending, the loan is not contingent on the profit or loss outcome, and is usually secured, so that the debtor has to repay the borrowed capital plus the fixed interest amount regardless of the resulting yield of the capital.

Under mudaraba, the yield is not guaranteed in profit-sharing and financial losses are borne completely by the lender. The entrepreneur as such losses only the time and effort invested in the enterprise. This distribution effectively treats human capital with equally financial capital.


Musharaka

Under musharaka, the entrepreneur adds some of his own to that supplied by the investors, so exposing himself to the risk of capital loss. Profits and losses are shared according to pre-fixed proportions, but these proportions need not coincide with the ratio of financing input. The bank sometimes participates in the execution of the projects in which it has subscribed, perhaps by providing managerial expertise. Figure 3 illustrates the elements. Mudaraba and musharaka constitute, at least in principle if not always in practice, the twin pillars of Islamic banking. The two methods conform fully with Islamic principles, in that under both arrangements lenders share in the profits and losses of the enterprises for which funds are provided and shirkah (partnership) is involved. The musharaka principle in invoked in the equity structure of Islamic banks and is similar to the modern concepts of partnership and joint stock ownership.


TWO-TIERED MUDARABA

For banking operations, the mudaraba concept has been extended to include three parties: the depositors as financiers, the bank as an intermediary, and the entrepreneur who requires funds. The bank acts as an entrepreneur when it receives funds from depositors, and as financier when it provides the funds to entrepreneurs. In other words, the bank operates a two-tier mudaraba system in which it acts both as the mudarib on the saving side of the equation and as the rubbul-mal (owner of capital) on the investment portfolio side. Insofar as the depositors are concerned, an Islamic bank acts as a mudarib which manages the funds of the depositors to generate profits subject to the rules of mudaraba. The bank may in turn use the depositors' funds on a mudaraba basis in addition to other lawful (but less preferable) modes of financing, including mark up or deferred sales, lease purchase and beneficence loans. The funding and investment avenues are now listed.


SOURCES OF FUNDS

Besides their own capital and equity, Islamic banks rely on two main sources of funds, a) transaction deposits, which are risk free but yield no return and, b) investment deposits, which carry the risks of capital loss for the promise of variable. In all, there are four main types of accounts:


Current accounts

Current accounts are based on the principle of al-wadiah, whereby the depositors are guaranteed repayment of their funds. At the same time, the depositor does not receive remuneration for depositing funds in a current account, because the guaranteed funds will not be used for PLS ventures. Rather, the funds accumulating in these accounts can only be used to balance the liquidity needs of the bank and for short-term transactions on the bank's responsibility.


Savings accounts

Savings accounts also operate under the al-wadiah principle. Savings accounts differ from current deposits in that they earn the depositors income: depending upon financial results, the Islamic bank may decide to pay a premium, hiba, at its discretion, to the holders of savings accounts.


Investment accounts

An investment account operates under the mudaraba al-mutlaqa principle, in which the mudarib (active partner) must have absolute freedom in the management of the investment of the subscribed capital. The conditions of this account differ from those of the savings accounts by virtue of: a) a higher fixed minimum amount, b) a longer duration of deposits, and c) most importantly, the depositor may lose some of or all his funds in the event of the bank making losses.


Special investment accounts

Special investment accounts also operate under the mudaraba principle, and usually are directed towards larger investors and institutions. The difference between these accounts and the investment account is that the special investment account is related to a specified project, and the investor has the choice to invest directly in a preferred project carried out by the bank.


USES OF FUNDS

The mudaraba and musharaka modes, referred to earlier, are supposedly the main conduits for the outflow of funds from banks. In practice, however, other important methods applied by Islamic banks include:


Murabaha (mark up). The most commonly used mode of financing seems to be the 'mark-up' device. in a murabaha transactions, the bank finances the purchase of a good or assets by buying it on behalf of its client and adding a mark-up before reselling it to the client on a 'cost-plus' basis profit contract. Figure 4 illustrates the sequence.


Bai' muajjal (deferred payment). Islamic banks have also been resorting to purchase and resale of properties on a deferred payment basis. It is considered lawful in fiqh (jurisprudence) to charge a higher price for a good if payments are to be made at a later date. According to fiqh this does not amount to charging interest, since it is not a lending transaction but a trading one.


Bai'salam ( prepaid purchase). This method is really the opposite of the murabaha. There the bank gives the commodity first, and receives the money later. Here the bank pays the money first and receives the commodity later, and is normally used to finance agricultural products.


Istisnaa (manufacturing). This is a contract to acquire goods on behalf of a third party where the price is paid to the manufacturer in advance and the goods produced and delivered at a later date. Ijara and ijara wa iqtina (leasing). Under this mode, the banks buy the equipment or machinery and lease it out to their clients who may opt to buy the items eventually, in which case the monthly payments will consist of two components, i.e. rental for the use of the equipment and installment towards the purchases price.


Qard hasan (beneficence loans). This is the zero return type of loan that the Holly Quran urges Muslims to make available to those who need them. The borrower is obliged to repay only the principal amount of the loan, but is permitted to add a margin at his own discretion.


Islamic securities. Islamic financial institutions often maintain an international Islamic equity portfolio where the underlying assets comprise ordinary shares in well run businesses, the productive activities of which exclude those on the prohibited list (alcohol, pork, armaments) and financial service based on interest income.


(SUMBER : http://ketayapputih.blogspot.com)